DAWN BRENNAN 

The first image, the "Head of an Oriental" is by Jean-Honoré Fragonard and I believe it is done entirely of inkwash-no preliminary pencil (!)  The second image is by Giambattista Tiepolo, and looks like it does incorporate some pencil.

The final two are by our friend Luca Cambiaso, the one of the person in the robe being a little more complicated:  Luca used the tone of the paper for the figure's middle tone and created the lightest tone with some sort of white--chalk or crayon maybe.  I will do a demonstration of it.  If you don't have toned paper, just do a light, medium, and dark wash.  OR you can do a medium and dark wash and bring in the highlights with pastel or old fashioned blackboard chalk (white colored pencil or China marker do not show up against the wash.)